Window construction



April 24, 1934.

J. POPKIN WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov. 17, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet l @5yd/MU@ April 24, 1934. J. POPKIN WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov. 17, 1932 3 Sheets--Shee'cI 2 FI D- E.

April 24, 1934. J. PoPKlN WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov. 17. 1952 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 FI G. 1U.

FIG.11-

FIG. E.

FI E. E.

JUSEFH FmPKlN/- Patented Apr. 24, 15534 UNT VSTATES PTT FFICE WINDOW' CONSTRUCTION' Joseph Popkin, Brooklyn, N. Y-

Application November 17, 1932, Serial No. 643,104v

Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in the operating and control equipment for window sashes, and more particularly to means for adjustably locking a sash in various positions and 5 for assuring relative movement of one sash with respect to another.

Among the objects in view is the releasable locking of window sashes in any of various ad justed positions, and a further object is the aclO tuation of one sash to an adjusted position when the other sash is adjusted.

In broader aspect, it is an object of the present invention to provide such a construction as affirmatively assures sanitation in the matter of ventil5 lation, and this object carried out in greater detail includes the assurance that an exit will be provided for exhausted air, fumes, or other objecionable atmosphere within a room concurrently with and incident to the provision of a fresh 201 air intake.

It is, of course, a readily observable fact that all too frequently well intentioned persons will raise a window or open the sash slightly to allow entrance oi fresh air and then seem entirely conten-t with the idea that the air within the room is being renewed, apparently unconscious of the diiiiculty of such renewal without provision for an exit. Any observing person can readily demonstrate what happens by releasing smoke within a room and then raising a sash to a slight extent. The smoke will move downward to nd exit at the upper edge of the opening while fresh air must come in below the line of the exhausting air and gases. On the other hand, if the operator will lower the upper sash slightly at the time of raising the lower sash, he will observe that the smoke will make a direct line for the upper exit and thus leave the lower exit free for the entrance of fresh air. It is thus apparent that where only a lower opening is provided the atmosphere within the room above the level of that opening can not be as pure or as readily replaced and refreshed as it should be, or as it would be, if an upper exit were provided.

It is an object of the present invention to provide apparatus which will automatically actuate an upper sash to provide an upper opening whenever the lower sash is moved to provide a lower opening; and it is also an object of the invention to provide means for releasing the connections between the two sashes. so that each can be moved, when desired, independently of the other.

A more detailed object is the provision of means for locking the sashes in various adjusted positions whether they are connected to operate synchronously or are released for independent operation.

A further important object of the present invention is the provision of all of these valuable features in apparatus so equipped as to enable the ready release and bodily removal of the sashes of a window for leaving the window opening entirely free and unobstructed, and without any cross bar or other object in the path of furniture, equipment, or the like being brought into and taken out of the room through the window opening.

With these and further objects in view as will in part hereinafter become apparent and in part be stated, the invention includes a sash pivoted in a window-frame and means cooperating with the pivotal connection for locking the sash in any of various positions.

ment of the other.

The invention also includes in such a combinav tion means for disconnecting the connections between the gearing pivots.

The invention also includes in such a combination means for locking the sashes against pivotal movement.

The invention still further comprises certain other novel constructions,y combinations, and arrangements of parts as subsequently specified and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings,- Figure 1 is a view in elevation of a window structure embodying the features of the present invention.

Figure 2 is an enlarged, detailed, fragmentary elevation of one side portion of the parts seen in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a vertical section taken approximately on the plane indicated by line 3 3 of Figure 2, the parts being seen in elevation.

Figure 4 is a similar view, the section being taken on the plane indicated by line 4-4 of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a still further enlarged, transverse section taken approximately on the plane indicated by line 5 5 of Figure 3, parts being seen in plan.

Figure 6 is a vertical section taken approximately on the planes indicated by line 6 6 of Figure 5, and looking in the direction indicated by the arrow, parts being seen in elevation.

Figure 7 is a similar view taken approximately on the planes indicated by line '7-7 of Figure 5, and looking in the direction indicated by the arrow.

Figures 8 and 9 are respectively views similar to Figure 5, but taken respectively on the planes approximately indicated by lines 8-8 and 9-9 of Figure 3, and looking downward.

Figure 10 is a horizontal section taken approximately on either of the two planes indicated by the lines 10-10 of Figure l, the parts being seen on an enlarged scale and parts being shown in plan.

Figure 11 is a vertical, central section of the parts seen in Figure 10, parts being seen in plan.

Referring to the drawings by numerals, 1 indicates the boxing or framing of the window in which is mounted the lower sash 2 and the upper sash 3. Each of the sashes is xed at both sides of its lower end to pivotal supports so as to enable the sashes to be swung vertically to an open position as indicated in dotted lines in Figure e, and while such supports may assume various detailed forms I find one eifective arrangement to include the provision of a bracket plate e arranged to upstand along and be anchored to the respective side rail of the given sash and to be anchored thereto as by appropriate screws 5. Each plate 4 has a laterally outstanding bracket bar or nnger 6. Within the framing or boxing 1 adjacent each bar 6 is preferably arranged an appropriate journal 7, the outer or exposed end portion of which is provided with a transverse notch 8, and the corresponding bar 6 is provided with a similar rib 9 adapted to snugly seat within the notch or groove 8, so that, when the bar is swung, the journal 7 will rotate and thus facilitate swinging of the sash. To effectively detachably connect each bar 6 with its respective journal '7, appropriate screws 10, 10, are extended through the bar 6 along the line of the rib 8, and are threaded into the journal 7 to clamp the parts together and hold them detachably but firmly connected. Thus, the pivotal mounting of each sash 2 and 3 is made up of the pair of journals '7 engaged by the pairs of bars 6 ofthe respective sash. The journals 7, however, are preferably not all identical except insofar as the engagement of the journal with the respective bar 6 is concerned. One of the journals 7 for each of the sashes 2 and 3 is extended either within or through the material of the framing or boxing l, as plainly seen in Figure 8, and provided intermediate the ends of the journal and preferably approximately midway of the length thereof with a spur gear or pinion 1l, while the iinmediately opposite journal 7 of the given sash is reduced to an extended shank portion or cylindrical bar 12, and radially outward from the shank 12 is recessed at 13, and still further outward is provided with an annular boss 1li terminating with an inwardly-facing series of serrations.

The journal 7 having the boss 14 in each instance provides or comprises a member of a lock for locking the respective sash in any of its various adjusted positions while the spur gear 11 opposite the lock-forming journal cooperates with a similar spur gear for the other sash by means hereinafter described for, under appropriate conditions, causing the two sashes to move simultaneously when either is moved.

As best seen in detail in Figures 10 and 11, the balance of the locking mechanism cooperating with the parts of the journal 7 just described includes an appropriate housing 15 in which is arranged a locking or clamping plate 16 having an annular boss 17 formed with a serrated, outwardly-exposed face adapted to cooperate with the inwardly-exposed serrated face of the annular boss 14. The plate 16 is recessed at 18 to snugly accommodate the shank l2 and allow the plate 16 facewise movement or movement inward and outward on the shank 12. The plate 16 extends at its end portions into recesses 19, 19, formed in the housing l5, which serve to accommodate and guide the inward and outward movement of the plate 16 while preventing the plate from having any axial or turning movement. The innermost face of the plate 16 is preferably inclined or beveled, as seen plainly in Figure ll, and an operating cam 20 is disposed between the innermost wall of housing 15 and the said beveled or inclined face of plate 16, the cam 20 being preferably beveled oppositely to and corresponding` with the incline or bevel of the plate 16 for that portion which engages the plate 16, the

innermost edge of the cam 20 being preferablyV straight to correspond with the straight surface of the wall of housing 15 engaged by cam 26. An operating spring 21 engages the wall of housing l5 at one end, and at the other end engages the outer end of cam 26 so as to stress the cam outward and thereby retain the cam so disposed between the engaged wall of housing 15 and the inclined face of plate 16 as to keep plate 16 in its fully seated or locking position, as plainly shown in Figure l1. An expanding coiled spring 22 surrounds the shank 12 and is disposed between the journal 7 and the plate 16 to normally press the plate 16 away from the journal to disengage the serrations of the bosses 14 and 17, so as to leave the journal "2 free to rotate. The presence of the cam 20, however, retaining the plate 16 in its seated position as shown in Figure ll, prevents the release of the engagement of the two serrated bosses and thus assures that the journal 7 will bc locked against rotation. To facilitate release of this lock, appropriate means are preferably provided for at times shifting the cam 2i) back or inward to a position allowing the plate 16 to move along the shank l2 under uhe pressure of spring 22. As will be hereinafter mentioned, the actuating means for the locking cam 20 may assume various form, the simplest of which, or one of the l' simplest of which, consists of an operating button 23 arranged to protrude through the window boxing or framing 1, and connected appropriately to the outer end of the cam plate 20 so that, when the button 23 is pressed inward, the cam plate will be caused to slide suinciently inward to allow the plate 16 to move laterally under the pressure of spring 22 until the serrated faces of the bosses 14 and 17 are separated, and thereupon the journal 7 will be rendered free to rotate. When the button 23 is released, the spring 2l will move the cam plate 20 back to the position seen in Figure 11, and in causing this movement will cause the plate 16 to be camrned outward against the stress of the spring 22 until the serrated faces of the bosses le and 1'? are firmly interlocke-d, and this will effectively lock the journal 7 against rotation. The tension of springs 2l and 22 will be proportioned with respect to each other with this action in mind, with due consideration to the fact that a sliding cam engagement and the friction incident theretoy is the means of transmitting movement from the spring 21 to the plate' 16.

As plainly seen in Figure 1, there is a button 23 and the corresponding locking and releasing parts for each of the two sashes at one side thereof, each of the said two'sashes at its opposite side being engaged by the bar 6 which engages the journal 7 having the spur gear 11. Thus, two spur gears are arranged within the boxing or window framing 1, as plainly seen in Figure 3. Racks 24, 24 mesh with spur gears 11, one of said racks being carried by an upwardlyextending slide bar 25, and the other rack being carried by a downwardly-extending slide bar 26. It should be obvious that if the sashes 2 and 3 were intended to invariably operate synchronously, so that whenever one is moved the other would invariably move correspondingly, it would only be necessary for the slide bars 25 and 26 to be permanently connected together at the right, relative location, and thus, when one of the sashes should be swung to an open position, the rotation or angular movement of its journal 7 land its spur gear 11 causing a thrust of its respective rack 24 and thereby causing a corresponding thrust of the other rack, would cause a corresponding angular movement of the other spur gear 11 and thus a corresponding angular movement ofthe journal 7 of the last-named spur gear, andy of course, a corresponding movement of the sash carried by the last-named journal. Since, however, it is desirable to provide for enabling at times the swinging movement of one of the sashes independently of the other, it becomes desirable to have the slides 25 and 26 adapted for unitary movement, that is, movement of the two as one, and also adapted for independent movement; and, to that end, a detachable, locking connection is provided for at times so connecting the two slides as to cause them to function as a unit. Such locking connection is, of course, susceptible of assuming quite a wide variation in form and detail. One acceptable form is seen in the drawings to consist of a locking plate 27, pivoted at 28 to the bar 25, and having means of engagement with the other bar. The plate 27 is preferably of a width, as seen in Figures 3 and 5, to span both bars 25 and 26, and to extend a substantial distance at one side of the bars, as plainly seen in Figure 5. A leaf spring or other appropriate resilient retaining means 29 is carried by the bar 25 and tensioned to stress the plate 27 toward the slide bars 25 and 26 which it overlies. A portion of the free terminus of the plate 27 is preferably turned down to provide a locking prong or hook 30, and the two slide bars 25 and 26 are provided with notches 31 adapted to be brought into register to receive the prong 30, whereby the bars are caused to move as a unit. That portion of the plate 27 extending laterally at one side of the slide bars 25 and 26 is preferably extended beyond the prong 30, and is provided with a curved, guiding end 32 extending into any appropriate rabbet or notch 41 formed in the boxing or framing 1. It should thus be apparent that so long as the spring 29 retains the plate 27 with the prong 30 in the notches 31 any movement of either of the sashes 2 or 3 will be at once transmitted to the other; but if the plate 27 be lifted or swung upon its pivot 28 until the prong 30 escapes from the notches 31, the freedom of the slides 25 and 26 thus provided will enable the slides to move relative to each other, and, therefore, enable the sashes 2 and 3 to move independently of each other. However, the construction is such that, when the sashes are in their closed position, the notches 31 of slides 25 and 26 will be in register and in position for the seating of the prong 30 inthe notches; and, if the plate 27 be released to swing under the stress oi spring 29, when the sashes 2 and 3 are closed, the slides 25 and 26 will be locked together to function as a unit by the movement of the prong 30 into the notches 31.

As a means of control for the plate 27, any appropriate operating handle or connection may be provided for lifting and releasing the plate, one such actuating device being seen in detail in Figure 5, and consisting of an appropriate cam 33 carried by a pin or rod 34, which pin or rod is connected to a push button 35 protruding through and outstanding from the window iraming or boxing 1. An appropriate spring 36 is interposed between the button 35 and an appropriate part of the framing l, or between any other appropriate parts for exerting a return pressure on the button and on the cam 33 to retain the cam normally in the position seen in Figure with the slides 25 and 26 locked to function as a unit. The free inner end or nose of the cam 33 is preferably located slightly beneath the overhanging part of the plate 27, so that, when the operator pushes the button 35 inward, the cam will lift the plate 27 and move the prong 30 out of the notches 31 and thus release the sashes for independent movement. It should be understood that except at those times when the prong 30 is out of the notches 3l, the sashes will be connected to move synchronously, and that condition may, therefore, be considered the normal condition of the parts.

It should be understood that the actual amount of travel of the slides and 26 is comparatively slight and is limited to the throw given to the racks 24 incident to angular movement of pinions or spur gears l1 during angular movement of the sashes. It should also be observed that when the plate 27 has been lifted to remove the prong from the notches 31, and then one of the sashes has been moved sufficiently to move the notches out of register, the plate 27 will be held by the edge of one or both of the slides 25 and 26 in its outer or non-locking position, and thus each sash can be moved independently of the other to any desired or required extent until the two sashes are returned to the closed position, and this unlocked condition will continue though the button be released and the cam 33 allowed to be retracted from engagement with the plate 27. In this condition of .the parts, so long as oneof the sashes is left in a position partly outstanding, the interlock will be prevented, and the movements of the sashes will continue to be independent. This, however, should be considered the emergency condition, since it is important for the sake of sanitation that proper circulation be provided for in the provision of an opening automatically resulting at the upper part of the window whenever the lower sash is partly opened.

Naturally, appropriate guideways will be formed in the boxing for the slide bars and racks, and such guideways may be of material other than the material of the' boxing.

In the length of the two slide bars 25 and 26 there is preferably arranged a means of locking the sashes 2 and 3 which may be considered a lock supplemental to the locking means seen in Figures 10 and 11. This supplemental locking means consists essentially of a bolt 37 extending through a part of the boxing 1 in position to have its inner end press against one of the slides and thus irictionally clamp the twok slides together, so that they can have no movement whatever. When the slides 25 and 26 are thus locked against movement, of course the racks 24 can not move and the pinions 11 are thus locked against rotation. It follows that the sashes 2 and 3 are correspondingly locked against angular movement in whatever position they may have assumed prior to the application of the bolt 37. Any appropriate operating handle 38 may be provided for the bolt 37, and the threaded inner portion of the bolt may be passed through any appropriate reenforcing piece 39 within the boxing l to prevent undue stress on unprotected portions of the boxing. Also, as a means of confining stress against injury to parts of the boxing, a bracket plate 40 may be disposed to enclose the parts of the boxing liable to be subjected to strain incident to the clamping action of the inner end of bolt 37 against the slides.

It is believed that the operation oi the parts will be readily understood from the foregoing and may be briefly summarized as follows:

The parts being in the position seen in full lines in Figure 4, the operator will iirst release the locks 16 by pressing the buttons 23 inward. If a single operator is accomplishing the work, he may use a bar long enough to contact with both buttons 23, and then by pressing inward he will release the sashes to be swung in their pivotal supports. It assumed that the lock bolt 37 is free from engagement with the slides, and that the slides and plate 27 are in the position seen in Figures 5, 6, and 7. The operator then swings one of the sashes, usually the lower one, outward toward or to the position, or past the position, indicated in dotted lines in Figure 4, and the upper sash will move correspondingly incident to the action of the slides 25 and 26, the racks 24, and the pinions 11. When the sashes have reached the desired open position, the operator will release the buttons 23 and the sashes will be locked in such adjusted positions. If the window is locked in an exposed position and the wind is blowing with considerable velocity, the operator may find it desirable to further lock the sashes against possibility of vibratory movement, and this he accomplishes by screwing inward on the locking bolt 37 until the slides 25 and 26 are ei'iectively clamped together. Return movement of the sashes will be accomplished by a converse action with the locks released, As a matter of convenience, an appropriate operating handle or handles 4l may be provided for one of the sashes, preferably the lower one.

When it becomes desirable, under any set ci circumstances, to open one of the sashes without opening the other, it is only necessary to release the locks 23, as above indicated, and press the button 35 and then move the particular sash intended to be independently moved to the desired position. The sashes will then remain free for independent movement until restored by a return of the notches 31 into register with the prong 30 free to enter them.

While a bar has been referred to as an independent instrument for pressing in both of the buttons 23 at one time, it will be obvious that ari appropriate actuating mechanism may be provided similar to the bolt-shifting arrangement commonly employed on safe doors for wedging or camming the cam plates 20 of both of the locks at the same time by the simple turning of a knob. In that event, the knob will preferably be located on the boxing 1, approximately midway between the two locks.

What is claimed ist- 1. In window construction, the combination, with a window frame, providing a window opening, of a plurality of sashes pivote-d to the frame to close the opening, gearing carried by certain of the pivots of the sashes, and means connecting the gearing for transmitting movement between the sashes.

2. The combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connecting means comprises overlapping slides, and means for detachably connecting the slides together.

3. The combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connecting means comprises overlapping slides, means detachably connecting the slides together, and means for releasing the connecting means.

fi. The combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connecting means comprises overlapping slides, and means independent of the slides for locking the slides against movement.

5. rThe combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connecting means comprises overlapping slides, and a clamp for clamping the slides against movement. Y

6. The combination as claimed in claim 1, with means for locking the pivots against movement.

7. The combination as claimed in claim 1, with means for locking the connecting means against movement, means for disconnecting said locking means, and manual actuating means for operating the disconnecting means.

8. The combination as claimed in claim l, wherein the connecting means comprises overlapping slides having notches adapted to be brought into register, and a plate pivotally connected to one of said slides and having a projection adapted to extend into said notches.

9. The combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connecting means comprises overlapping slides having notches adapted to be brought into register, a plate pivotally carried by one of the slides and having a projection adapted to enter registering notches for locking the slides together, and means resiliently stressing the plate toward such locked position.

10. In window construction, the combination, with a window frame providing a window opening, of a sash for the frame, a journal carried .by the frame, means rigidly connecting the sash to the journal, the journal having a locking face, a locking piate having a locking face located to cooperate with the locking face of the journal, means resiliently stressing the locking plate away from the locking face of the journal, camming means for stressing the locking plate to locking engagement with the locking face of the journal, and resilient means stressing said camming means to the said locking position.

JOSEPH POPKIN. 

